La técnica de reproducción asistida trae consigo un número de embriones sobrantes. Se propone una revisión del estado de la cuestión de estos embriones en el Perú. Se revisa desde las perspectivas biológica, ética y jurídica. Se profundiza en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano, sobre el estado de desprotección de estos embriones y se contrasta con una posible solución: la adopción embrionaria. Se constata el estado de incertidumbre de la situación de estos embriones y se concluye como ilegítima la práctica de (...) la adopción embrionaria, por vulnerar la dignidad y condición de sujeto de derecho del embrión sobrante. (shrink)

Empathy is an emotional response that may facilitate prosocial behavior and inhibit aggression by increasing empathic concern for others. But the vicarious experience of other’s feelings may also turn into personal distress when the person has poor regulation skills and holds stigmatizing beliefs. In thinking about the processes that may trigger the experience of personal distress or empathic concern, research on the influence of psychological flexibility and inflexibility on stigma is showing promising results. Both processes are assessed with the Acceptance (...) and Action Questionnaire–Stigma. The current study sought to carry out a validity study of a Spanish version of the AAQ-S with a sample of adolescents aged 11–17 years. The study included an expanded test of its predictive validity with measures at three times to evaluate the role of psychological flexibility and inflexibility as risk or protective variables for the development of personal distress and/or empathic concern in the stigmatizer. Statistical analyses confirmed a two-correlated-factor solution, the adequate reliability of both factors, and their construct and predictive validity in the expected direction. The stigmatizer’s inflexible reaction to their stigmatizing thoughts predicted the occurrence of personal distress, whereas the stigmatizer’s flexible reaction to their stigmatizing thoughts predicted the occurrence of empathic concern for others. These findings confirm the importance of considering the role of regulatory skills in the experience of empathic concern or personal distress in the presence of stigmatizing thoughts, with possible implications for the promotion of prosocial behavior and the reduction of aggressive behavior among adolescents. (shrink)

Previous evidence has shown that excessive valuing happiness may relate to lower psychological wellbeing across cultures. Considering the lack of data with Spanish population, we examined the relation between tightly holding happiness emotion goals and subjective wellbeing in a sample of Spanish women, and explored the mediation role exerted by psychological inflexibility components in the relation between valuing happiness and subjective wellbeing. A female adult sample filled out measures of excessive valuing happiness, psychological inflexibility, positive affect, negative affect, and life (...) satisfaction. Valuing happiness only showed positive total effects on negative affect and strong direct effects on both cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. Analyses revealed the mediating roles exerted by psychological inflexibility components, with experiential avoidance leading to lower pleasure; and cognitive fusion leading to greater displeasure and lower life satisfaction. Psychological inflexibility components explained between 40 and 80% of the total effect of valuing happiness on our outcome variables. Our findings highlight the need for further research on the benefits of hedonic vs. values-based approaches to happiness. (shrink)

The excessive use of social networks needs to be addressed, and this phenomenon needs to be measured for the purpose of evaluation, prevention, and intervention among adolescents and young people. The objective of the study was to adapt and psychometrically validate the Brief Scale of Addiction to Social Networks among Mexican adolescents and young adults. The participating sample consisted of 2,789 students from 6 public educational campuses in Cuernavaca. Data collection was carried out through a web platform to strictly maintain (...) anonymity, voluntary participation, and confidentiality. Data analysis first focused on the detection of possible response biases, the quality of the response structure partial credit model, dimensionality, and the relationship with external variables. It was found that when the range of efficient response options was limited to less than five, reliability was high, and unidimensionality was maintained. Response biases slightly affected the dimensional structure of the instrument. Measurement invariance reached scalar invariance in the sex, age, and campus groups. The association with sensation seeking and depression, controlling for sex and age covariates, was statistically significant, small, and theoretically consistent. Implications of the results are discussed. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior (...) was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions. (shrink)

Objective: Illness perceptions are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed (...) considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution. (shrink)

El objetivo de la formación doctoral es la generación y difusión de nuevo conocimiento, sin embargo, no es claro cómo los programas de doctorado en Colombia se relacionan con este tipo de producción académica. A partir de ello, en el presente estudio se presenta el panorama general de la producción académica a través de las instituciones de educación superior colombianas que ofertan programas de formación doctoral en psicología. La producción académica se obtuvo de la base de datos Scopus en una (...) muestra de 13 universidades. Tras una búsqueda inicial, se encontraron 1345 documentos, con los cuales se realizó un análisis de los indicadores de productividad y de las redes de colaboración al interior de la disciplina en el país. Posteriormente, esta información se contrastó con la información nacional registrada en el sistema de Currículum Vitae Latinoamericano y del Caribe de 193 profesores asociados a las universidades que ofertan los programas de doctorado. Al comparar la producción académica nacional e internacional, se encontró una mayor correlación entre la dirección de tesis de posgrado y la publicación en revistas nacionales. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el impacto de la formación doctoral en la generación de nuevo conocimiento es relativo y tiene un alcance limitado, siendo principalmente las revistas nacionales el medio de difusión de este conocimiento. Se recomienda evaluar el impacto de los productos asociados a la formación posgradual y la visibilidad internacional, con énfasis en las revistas indexadas en bases de datos internacionales. (shrink)

Este trabajo brinda un panorama de la vida y obra del pensador venezolano Julio Cesar Salas, resaltando sus análisis sociológicos, antropológicos e históricos de la realidad venezolana y continental. El liberalismo impregna sus planteamientos económicos y políticos, y le llevó a ser acérrimo opositor al gobierno de Juan Vicente Gómez. Por libre pensador, positivista y evolucionista militante, seguidor de las ideas de Augusto Comte y Herbert Spencer, fue excomulgado de la iglesia católica. Ello hizo de Salas un pensador (...) crítico ante la política, la economía, la sociedad, la historia, y de toda la realidad venezolana y latinoamericana de su tiempo. (shrink)

Este texto tem por objetivo refletir estas questões a partir da noção de INFÂNCIA, trabalharemos esta noção tendo como ponto de partida a idéia do in-fans, ou seja, aquele que não fala, o que não possui a palavra, o que não tem a razão. Procurarei indicar o caminho de uma discussão que nos permita ver as relações de poder que se efetivam nas trocas dialógicas dentro do espaço escolar. Neste sentido, partirei de uma situação real, concreta, de um evento ocorrido (...) em uma sala de aula de 1a. série do ensino fundamental de uma Escola Pública em Piracicaba, interior de São Paulo. (shrink)

Resumen Auditores chilenos no entrenados y sin conocimientos del alemán deben identificar dentro de una secuencia de voces en alemán la voz de una mujer alemana que habló previamente en español con un retardo de 2 horas. Los enunciados fueron emitidos por estudiantes alemanas nativas de la Universität Regensburg. Los resultados muestran que los auditores identifican la voz original, pero con imprecisión al otorgarle, dentro de una escala de 1 a 7, el mayor puntaje a la voz objetivo por sobre (...) las demás, pero con un promedio general de 6,1. Esto refuerza la idea de que la evidencia auditiva solo debe tener un valor orientativo. El presente texto se basa en un manuscrito presentado en el congreso INGEACUS 2010 celebrado en Valdivia, Chile.Untrained Chilean auditors and without knowledge of German must identify, within a sequence of German voices, the voice of a German woman who previously spoke in Spanish with a delay of 2 hours. The statements were spoken by native German students from the University of Regensburg. The results show that the auditors identify the original voice, but inaccurately, by giving, within a scale of 1 to 7 the highest score to the target voice above the others, but with an overall average of 6.1. This reinforces the idea that hearing evidence should only have an indicative value. This text is based on a manuscript presented at the 2010 INGEACUS Congress held in Valdivia, Chile. (shrink)

Para ofrecer una ruta de lectura del pensamiento feminista-deleuziano, se pone a discusión el concepto cartografía propuesto por Braidotti, respecto a la recepción y reelaboración de la inmanencia radical, y la diferencia sexual en la filosofía actual. Se propone un símil de dicha recepción en la teoría y estudios del arte, particularmente en México. A través de Metamorfosis. Hacia una teoría materialista del devenir y los conceptos clave como devenir-mujer y devenir-insecto, se entabla una relación con los feminismos visuales situados (...) en el sur global. El diálogo entre ambas recepciones, la filosófica y la artística, implica un acercamiento a la problematización y comprensión del conflicto capital-vida, además de las aportaciones posibles de la producción feminista, hace patente cómo se continúa en la teoría feminista actual una línea materialista, con profundas raíces clásicas, de una ontología del cuerpo. Palabras clave: inmanencia radical, devenir animal, metamorfosis, diferencia sexual. (shrink)

En las siguientes líneas se comparte una reflexión sobre la importancia, el sen- tido y la vigencia que tiene la bioética social en nuestros días. Si bien es cierto que con frecuencia el término bioética se relaciona con cuestiones de problemas y dilemas de ética clínica al interior de hospitales, así como con la defensa de los animales no humanos y el medio ambiente, la bioética tiene una cuña de intervención social con grupos de personas vulneradas en sus derechos o (...) que, por su condición, han sido socialmente invisibilizados. Por tal motivo, se pro- pone la inclusión de la bioética social como una herramienta de intervención educativa en sectores marginados o excluidos, y como mecanismo que permita el empoderamiento de las personas que pertenecen a estos grupos, a partir de los principios y nociones con los que trabaja la disciplina. (shrink)

I argue for the possibility of the thesis that metaphors are indispensable for grasping and expressing certain propositions. I defend this possibility against the objection that, if metaphors express propositions, once these propositions are identified they should be specifiable by non‐metaphorical means. I argue that this objection loses its strength if one adopts a Wittgensteinian, particularist view of thought, according to which grasping a propositional thought requires the ongoing exercise of a suitable skill often not characterizable by algorithmic rules. Within (...) this particularist framework, thus, it becomes possible that metaphorical skills have an indispensable role in cognition and communication. (shrink)

Este artículo sitúa el marco fenomenológico-hermenéutico en torno al otro y desarrolla la hipótesis de que la cuestión de la intersubjetividad es central para entender las categorías fundamentales relativas a todo pensar acerca de la alteridad que se plantean en filosofía, en literatura y en los discursos sociopolíticos, ya que implican una cuestión central acerca de la analogía. Asumiendo la obra de E. Husserl, y en especial los comentarios contemporáneos sobre Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität, se avanza en un enfoque interdisciplinario del (...) “otro” y del “alter ego” --propias de una analítica de la experiencia humana--, demostrando que la experiencia de la sociabilidad se forja a partir de vivencias originarias que refieren a un determinado modo de entender el vínculo analógico entre el yo y el otro y los otros. This article situates the phenomenological-hermeneutical framework around the other and develops the hypothesis that the issue of intersubjectivity is central in understanding the fundamental categories related to any thought regarding alterity which are proposed in philosophy, in literatura, and in socio-political discourse, since it implies a central questioning about the analogy. Assuming the work of E. Husserl, and especially the contemporary comments on Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität,we advance toward an interdisciplinary focus of the “other” and the “alter ego” --proper to an analysis of the human experience--, demonstrating that the experience of sociability is forged from the original life experiences that refer to a determined way of understanding the analogic relationship between the self and the other and the others. (shrink)

The nonlinear differential equation governing the periodic motion of the one-dimensional, undamped, and unforced cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator is solved exactly by obtaining the period and the solution. The period is given in terms of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and the solution involves Jacobian elliptic functions. We solve the cubic-quintic Duffing equation under arbitrary initial conditions. Physical applications are provided. The solution to the mixed parity Duffing oscillator is also formally derived. We illustrate the obtained results with (...) concrete examples. We give high accurate trigonometric approximations to the Jacobian function cn. (shrink)

In this article, the production of knowledge in the context of socially excluded people exposed to inequality, oppression, and exploitation is problematized. The analysis follows Enrique Dussel's philosophical exegesis of the politics of power and corruption and his vision of a critical transformation of the social political order. The argument is also informed by the work of critical educator Paulo Freire, who elucidates the conditions of oppression and marginalization and highlights the importance of conscientization to develop a critical awareness of (...) these conditions. Hannah Arendt's work on the politics of understanding totalitarianism also assists in the elucidation of the machinery that operates behind oppression to sustain power and inequality. The article emphasizes the need to recognize the inequality of conditions that exists between the producer of knowledge and those who live through inequality and oppression in their lived corporality. A critical transformation of the process of production of knowledge is needed to both acknowledge the conditions that sustain this endeavour in the first place and avoid the corruption of knowledge. A work of conscientization is also necessary among knowledge producers to undertake a critical analysis of inequality that exposes the corruption of power. This analysis needs to examine and unmask the hidden mechanisms that perpetuate inequality and oppression and serve only the interests of a few. The abysmal gaps between the wealthy and the poor within and among countries bespeak a degree of human indifference that reflects a most serious and complex phenomenon that perverts something profoundly human in our societies. (shrink)

This paper argues that racism should not only be conceived as a moral concept whose main aim is to condemn severe wrongs in the domain of race. The paper advances a complementary interpretation of racism as an explanatory concept--one that plays a key role in explaining race-based social problems afflicting members of subordinate racialized groups. As an explanatory concept, the term 'racism' is used to diagnose and highlight the causes of race-related social problems. The project of diagnosing race-based social problems (...) contributes to the pragmatic anti-racist end of developing better political and policy strategies for solving these social problems. The paper defends this interpretation of racism as an explanatory concept through a critical engagement with Urquidez's moral-philosophical account of racism. (shrink)

In the paper we obtain a new characterization of the BCK-algebras which are subdirect product of BCK-chains. We give an axiomatic algebraizable extension of the BCK-calculus, by means of a recursively enumerable set of axioms, such that its equivalent algebraic semantics is definitionally equivalent to the quasivariety of BCK-algebras generated by the BCK-chains. We propose the concept of "linearization of a system" and we give some examples.

I defend impact-based accounts of institutional racism against the criticism that they are over-inclusive. If having a negative impact on non-whites suffices to make an institution racist, too many institutions (including institutions whose affirmative action policies inadvertently harm its intended beneficiaries) would count as racist. To address this challenge, I consider a further necessary condition for these institutions to count as racist—they must stand in a particular relation to racist ideology. I argue that, on the impact-based model, institutions are racist (...) if they have a negative racial impact AND this impact is legitimized by racist ideology. Racist ideologies limit social criticism of and collective action against institutions that have a negative racial impact, and in so doing, lend stability to systems of racial domination. (shrink)

In this paper I argue that defeasible inferences are occasion-sensitive: the inferential connections of a given claim depend on features of the circumstances surrounding the occasion of inference. More specifically, it is an occasion-sensitive matter which possible defeaters have to be considered explicitly by the premises of an inference and which possible defeaters may remain unconsidered, without making the inference enthymematic. As a result, a largely unexplored form of occasion-sensitivity arises in inferentialist theories of content that appeal to defeasible inferences.

The aim of this paper is to provide an appreciation of Michel Foucault’s The Order of Things reception, from the latest book by Ivan Domingues entitled “Foucault, a arqueologia e As palavras e as coisas: cinquenta anos depois” (Ed. UFMG, 2023). One of the scopes of the book is to examine the range of The Order of Things and its archaeological strategy to account for the presentation of the birth of human sciences, as well as its fragility and instability in (...) the face of a possible change in the disposition of knowledge. Or Episteme’s disposition, according to Foucault terminology, whose signs of change can be observed on the occasion of the advent, in the twentieth century, of Lacanian psychoanalysis, ethnology and structural linguistics. By privileging its repercussions, expansions and rectifications fifty years later, it is not intended to “correct” Foucault from an epistemological point of view, but to point out the fertility and power of his thoughts for posterity. It is about going through “fertile errors and anodyne truths” (DOMINGUES, 2020, p. 386). The bet is that possible gaps, errors or confusions identifiable by Foucault himself and by his critics at the time never invalidate the fertility of a discussion concerning human sciences, which were never the same after Foucault. (shrink)

A ética do discurso justifica o conteúdo de uma moralidade que salienta a simetria entre os sujeitos e a solidariedade entre todos. Para Habermas “a solidariedade é a outra face da justiça” (1999, p. 42), ou seja, são duas faces da mesma moeda. Esta é uma afirmação chave em relação ao conteúdo cognitivo do âmbito moral. A validade das normas pressupõe uma fundamentação normativa estruturada linguisticamente, de forma a vincular a justiça com a solidariedade. A ênfase está em uma razão (...) prática capaz de fundamentar princípios igualitários e universalistas da moral e do direito (2009, p. 63). A legitimação do estado de direito deve preservar sua neutralidade ideológica, alicerçada em uma moral racional, isto é, laica (ou secular). Com isso, as exigências normativas devem ser aceitas por todos em uma sociedade pluralista, formada por cidadãos de diferentes credos e, inclusive, por não crentes (HABERMAS, 2009, p. 69). (shrink)

This paper examines whether there are moral differences between the mitochondrial replacement techniques that have been recently developed in order to help women afflicted by mitochondrial DNA diseases to have genetically related children absent such conditions: maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer. Firstly, it examines whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT in terms of the divide between somatic interventions and germline interventions. Secondly, it considers whether PNT and MST are morally distinct under a therapy/creation optic. Finally, (...) it investigates whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT from a human embryo destruction point of view. I conclude, contra recent arguments, that regarding the first two points there is no moral differences between PNT and MST; and that regarding the third one MST is morally preferable to PNT, but only if we hold a gradualist account of the moral value of human embryos where zygotes have slight moral value. (shrink)

Several objections against the morality of researching or employing mitochondrial replacement techniques have been advanced recently. In this paper, I examine three of these objections and show that they are found wanting. First I examine whether mitochondrial replacement techniques, research and clinical practice, should not be carried out because of possible harms to egg donors. Next I assess whether mitochondrial replacement techniques should be banned because they could affect the study of genealogical ancestry. Finally, I examine the claim that mitochondrial (...) replacement techniques are not transferring mitochondrial DNA but nuclear DNA, and that this should be prohibited on ethical grounds. (shrink)

Recent breakthroughs in stem cell differentiation and reprogramming suggest that functional human gametes could soon be created in vitro. While the ethical debate on the uses of in vitro generated gametes (IVG) was originally constrained by the fact that they could be derived only from embryonic stem cell lines, the advent of somatic cell reprogramming, with the possibility to easily derive human induced pluripotent stem cells from any individual, affords now a major leap in the feasibility of IVG derivation and (...) in the scope of their potential applications. In this paper we develop an ethical framework, rooted in recent scientific evidence, to support a robust experimental pipeline that could enable the first-in-human use of IVG. We then apply this framework to the following objectives: (1) a clarification of the genetic parenting options afforded by IVG, along with their ethical underpinnings; (2) a defence of the use of IVG to remedy infertility, broadening their scope to same-sex couples; (3) an assessment of the most far-reaching implications of IVG for multiplex parenting. These include, first, the liberation of parenting roles from the constraints of biological generations in vivo, allowing multiple individuals to engage in genetic parenting together, thus blurring the distinction between biological and social generations. Second, we discuss the conflation of IVG with sequencing technology and its implications for the possibility that prospective parents may choose among a hitherto unprecedented number of potential children. In view of these perspectives, we argue that, contrary to the exhausted paradigm according to which society lags behind science, IVG may represent instead a salient and most visible instance where biotechnological ingenuity could be used in pursuit of social experimentation. (shrink)

I address the objection that the concept of racism has become overly inflated. Critics of the conceptual inflation of “racism” argue that theories of institutional racism engage in untoward conceptual inflation insofar as they undermine our moral understanding of racial phenomena, hinder our ability to explain the causes of racial inequality, and even undercut struggles for racial justice. I develop an original account of institutional racism and show that it is immune to all three versions of the conceptual inflation challenge.

Desde una hermenéutica discursiva y práxica, este artículo profundiza y madura teóricamente unas breves reflexiones epistémicas e históricas acerca de la problemática de la identidad plural en el pensamiento latinoamericano de estas últimas décadas. En un marco dominado por el giro “post” que caracterizan las ciencias sociales, se prosigue una línea de investigación que recupera importantes categorías y distinciones -brotadas en teorías de pensadores latinoamericanos-, para demostrar la ambigüedad socio-política del actual giro plural e intercultural de la identidad. Criticando debilidades (...) de ideas de algunos autores, se reconstruye una tensión entre contextualidad y universalidad que presupone topoi o lugares intra-latinoamericanos de enunciación, que van más allá de los tópicos diluidos de un cierto pensar postmodernista ligado mucho más a los contextos europeos y norteamericanos. A partir de ahí se descubren unos tópicos principales para renovar una interpretación intercultural del carácter propiamente latinoamericano de la identidad cultural. (shrink)